Homocysteine is a harmful amino-acid.  Our bodies use vitamin B12 and folic acid to change it into a compound called SAM - a useful source of methyl-groups.  Without sufficient B-vitamins, blood homocysteine levels rise.  Homocysteine also increases with aging, smoking and too much coffee!

High homocysteine levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular, neurological and psychiatric diseases, including stroke and dementia

COBALZ developed from a study of B12 levels in Alzheimer's disease, and led to the discovery of high blood levels of homocysteine in the disease

Homocysteine predicts cognitive decline; a high level is a recognised risk factor for dementia

COBALZ found that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), used together with B vitamins, signifcantly lowers blood homocysteine levels, leading to clinical improvement in patients with memory problems

Cerefolin NAC, incorporating COBALZ technology, is now available as a ‘medical food’ in the US from Pamlab, L.L.C.